{"id":1519,"date":"2025-08-27T09:42:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T06:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/?p=1519"},"modified":"2025-08-27T09:42:40","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T06:42:40","slug":"htaccess-nedir-en-cok-kullanilan-kodlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/htaccess-nedir-en-cok-kullanilan-kodlar\/","title":{"rendered":".htaccess Nedir? En \u00c7ok Kullan\u0131lan .htaccess Kodlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>.htaccess Dosyas\u0131 Nedir ve Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/wordpress-hosting\">WordPress<\/a> htaccess<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dosyas\u0131 (Hypertext Access), Apache gibi web sunucular\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ve sitenizin belirli ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmenize imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><b>htaccess dosyas\u0131<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sayesinde sitenizde g\u00fcvenlik, yetkilendirme ve eri\u015fim k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok i\u015flemi do\u011frudan y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin .htaccess yard\u0131m\u0131yla bir klas\u00f6re parola koyarak yetkisiz eri\u015fimi engelleyebilir, kullan\u0131c\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapabilirsiniz. Bu dosyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli avantajlar\u0131ndan biri, ileri d\u00fczey kod bilgisine sahip olmadan da kendi web siteniz i\u00e7in kolayca .htaccess dosyas\u0131 haz\u0131rlayabilmenizdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>.htaccess Dosyas\u0131 Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fturulur ve Nerede Bulunur?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.htaccess dosyas\u0131na <a href=\"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/cpanel-hosting\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"8\" title=\"cpanel hosting\">cPanel<\/a> \u00fczerinden ya da FTP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurarak ula\u015fabilir ve \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapabilirsiniz. Yeni bir <\/span><b>htaccess dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturma<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> i\u015flemi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek kullan\u0131labilir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"># BEGIN HTTPS Redirection\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;IfModule mod_rewrite.c&gt;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteEngine On\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/[0-9]+\\..+\\.cpaneldcv$\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^\/[A-F0-9]{32}\\.txt(?:\\ Comodo\\ DCV)?$\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;\/IfModule&gt;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"># END HTTPS Redirection\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu dosya, sitenizin ana k\u00f6k dizininde yer al\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek ve d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyebilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cPanel hesab\u0131n\u0131za giri\u015f yap\u0131n,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosya y\u00f6neticisi se\u00e7ene\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131n,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cGizli dosyalar\u0131 g\u00f6ster\u201d kutucu\u011funu i\u015faretleyin,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">K\u00f6k dizine gidin ve \u201cgit\u201d butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.htaccess dosyas\u0131n\u0131 <\/span><b>public_html<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> klas\u00f6r\u00fcnde bulup d\u00fczenleyin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>En S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan .htaccess Kodlar\u0131 Listesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en g\u00fcvenilir ve kaliteli <a href=\"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/web-hosting\">hosting<\/a> hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan <a href=\"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/\">MarkaHost<\/a> adresi olarak en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan .htaccess kodlar\u0131n\u0131 sizler i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde s\u0131ralad\u0131k.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>301 Kal\u0131c\u0131 Y\u00f6nlendirme Kodu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">301 y\u00f6nlendirmesi, kal\u0131c\u0131 URL de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan koddur. Ziyaret\u00e7ileri ve arama motorlar\u0131n\u0131n botlar\u0131n\u0131 eski sayfalardan yeni sayfalara y\u00f6nlendirir. B\u00f6ylece arama motorlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi iki kez taramak zorunda kalmaz ve yinelenen i\u00e7erik problemleri ortadan kalkar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>HTTPS\u2019ye Zorunlu Y\u00f6nlendirme (SSL Redirect)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00fcm HTTP trafi\u011fini HTTPS\u2019ye y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in .htaccess dosyan\u0131za a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kodu eklemeniz gerekir. Bu dosya genellikle web sitenizin k\u00f6k dizininde bulunur. Bir metin edit\u00f6r\u00fcyle a\u00e7arak \u015fu kurallar\u0131 ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteEngine On<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu kod \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>RewriteEngine On:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> URL y\u00f6nlendirmelerini aktif hale getirir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0130steklerin HTTPS yerine HTTP olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https:\/\/%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> T\u00fcm HTTP isteklerini HTTPS\u2019ye y\u00f6nlendirir. Buradaki R=301 ibaresi i\u015flemin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00f6nlendirme oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>www ve www Olmadan Y\u00f6nlendirme<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><b>htaccess url de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> i\u015flemiyle bir web sitesi hem www. markahost com.tr hem de markahost com.tr adresleri \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu bir fark yaratmaz, ancak teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan arama motorlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olabilir. SEO a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sorun ya\u015famamak i\u00e7in tek bir kullan\u0131m bi\u00e7imi se\u00e7ilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunun i\u00e7in sitenizin FTP dizininde bulunan .htaccess dosyas\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f bir metin edit\u00f6r\u00fc (\u00f6rne\u011fin Notepad++ veya WordPad) ile a\u00e7\u0131p d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir. Basit Notepad ile bu dosya sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenemez. Ayr\u0131ca cPanel kullananlar, dosya y\u00f6neticisi \u00fczerinden ayn\u0131 i\u015flemi kolayca yapabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>www ile ba\u015flayan adres y\u00f6nlendirmesi i\u00e7in:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteEngine On<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\\.markahost\\.com.tr<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteRule (.*) http:\/\/www.markahost.com.tr\/$1 [R=301,L]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>www olmadan y\u00f6nlendirme i\u00e7in:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteEngine On<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\\.markahost\\.com.tr$<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/$1 [L,R=301]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu kodlarda kendi alan ad\u0131n\u0131z yer almal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00f6rnekteki adresleri kendi sitenize uygun \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi unutmay\u0131n. Ayr\u0131ca sitenizde <a href=\"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/ssl\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"20\" title=\"ssl sertifikas\u0131\">SSL<\/a> sertifikas\u0131 bulunuyorsa, y\u00f6nlendirme kodlar\u0131ndaki <\/span><b>http<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ibaresini <\/span><b>https<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> olarak d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Belirli IP\u2019leri Engelleme Kodu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web sitenize zarar veren, spam yorum g\u00f6nderen veya gereksiz trafik olu\u015fturan IP adreslerini .htaccess dosyas\u0131na ekleyece\u011finiz kurallarla kolayca engelleyebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Tek bir IP adresini engellemek i\u00e7in:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deny from 123.456.789.35<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu kod 123.456.789.35 adresinden gelen t\u00fcm eri\u015fimleri engeller.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Birden fazla IP adresini engellemek i\u00e7in:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deny from 123.456.789.35 123.35.123.35<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IP adreslerini bo\u015flukla ay\u0131rarak ayn\u0131 anda birden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>IP aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deny from 123.456.789.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu kod 123.456.789. ile ba\u015flayan t\u00fcm IP adreslerini engeller.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu komut 123.456.789 ile ba\u015flayan t\u00fcm IP adreslerinin eri\u015fimini durdurur. \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re yukar\u0131daki kodlar\u0131 .htaccess dosyan\u0131za ekleyerek IP bloklamas\u0131 yapabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Dizin Listelemeyi Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sunucunuzdaki klas\u00f6rlerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini istemiyorsan\u0131z, en kolay y\u00f6ntem klas\u00f6r i\u00e7ine bo\u015f bir <\/span><b>index.html<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dosyas\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmektir. Ancak \u00e7ok say\u0131da dizin i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntem zahmetli olabilir. Bu durumda, .htaccess dosyas\u0131 ile dizin listelemesini kapatabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin yaln\u0131zca <\/span><b>.zip<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n listelenmesini engelleyebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00fcm dosyalar i\u00e7in listelemeyi kapatmak:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IndexIgnore *<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sadece belirli bir uzant\u0131y\u0131 gizlemek (.zip \u00f6rne\u011fi):<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IndexIgnore *.zip<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Birden fazla uzant\u0131y\u0131 gizlemek:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IndexIgnore *.zip *.jpg *.gif<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u011fer sunucunuz dizin listelemeyi kapatm\u0131\u015fsa ve tam tersine listelemeyi aktif hale getirmek isterseniz \u015fu kodu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Options +Indexes<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Hotlink Koruma Kodu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hotlink, ba\u015fka bir sitenin sizin sunucunuzda bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00f6rselleri veya dosyalar\u0131 kendi sayfas\u0131nda do\u011frudan kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum bant geni\u015fli\u011finizi t\u00fcketir ve performans sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. .htaccess dosyan\u0131zda hotlink korumas\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirerek bunu engelleyebilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteEngine on<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"># Bo\u015f y\u00f6nlendireni de engellemek istiyorsan\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^https?:\/\/(.+\\.)?alanadiniz.com [NC]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RewriteRule \\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp)$ &#8211; [NC,F,L]<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sayfa veya Dizin \u015eifreleme<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir dizini veya belirli bir sayfay\u0131 \u015fifreyle korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle <\/span><b>.htpasswd<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> isimli bir dosya olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Bu dosyan\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z: <\/span><b>markaweb<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve \u015fifreniz: <\/span><b>com5net<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u015feklindeyse dosya i\u00e7ine kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifreyi \u015fu \u015fekilde yazabilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">markaweb:com5net<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan .htpasswd dosyas\u0131n\u0131 web k\u00f6k dizininde de\u011fil, www klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Ayr\u0131ca dosyay\u0131 y\u00fcklerken ASCII modunda g\u00f6ndermelisiniz, BINARY modunda de\u011fil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sonras\u0131nda yeni bir .htaccess dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve \u015fu kodu ekleyin:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AuthName &#8220;Korumal\u0131 Alan&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AuthUserFile \/usr\/local\/sectiginiz-dizin\/.htpasswd<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AuthGroupFile \/dev\/null<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AuthType Basic<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;Files korumali.htm&gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">require user markaweb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&lt;\/Files&gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buradaki korumali.htm k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 korumak istedi\u011finiz dosya ad\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. E\u011fer birden fazla kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre eklediyseniz, .htpasswd dosyas\u0131na her birini alt alta yazarak eklemeli ve .htaccess i\u00e7indeki require user markaweb sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlemelisiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">require valid-user<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AuthName k\u0131sm\u0131 ise korumak istedi\u011finiz alan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ad\u0131d\u0131r, istedi\u011finiz \u015fekilde adland\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PHP Versiyonunu Zorla Ayarlama<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web sitenizde kullan\u0131lacak PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc .htaccess dosyas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in <\/span><b>AddHandler<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> direktifi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin PHP 7.4 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ayarlamak i\u00e7in:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AddHandler application\/x-httpd-php74 .php<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buradaki <\/span><b>74<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ifadesi, kullanmak istedi\u011finiz PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. Farkl\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm kullanmak isterseniz bu de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gerekir. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/web-hosting\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"4\" title=\"hosting\">hosting<\/a> sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n birden fazla PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemesi ve istedi\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn sunucuda kurulu olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Emin de\u011filseniz, hosting firman\u0131zla ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ip destek durumunu \u00f6\u011frenmelisiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00d6nbellekleme Ayarlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fi kullanmak, bir web sitesinin tekrar ziyaret edildi\u011finde daha h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in uygulanan basit ama etkili bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu teknik, \u00f6zellikle geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek sitelerde sayfa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 web sayfas\u0131na eri\u015fti\u011finde taray\u0131c\u0131, HTML, g\u00f6rseller, CSS dosyalar\u0131, JavaScript kodlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer gerekli kaynaklar\u0131 indirir. \u00c7o\u011fu sayfa, ziyaretler aras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 i\u00e7erikleri tekrar tekrar y\u00fckler. Taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nbellekleme sayesinde bu dosyalar belirli bir s\u00fcre kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131nda saklan\u0131r ve sonraki ziyaretlerde yeniden indirilmelerine gerek kalmaz. B\u00f6ylece y\u00fckleme s\u00fcresi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.htaccess dosyas\u0131 Apache web sunucusunda yap\u0131land\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu dosyaya ekleyece\u011finiz \u00f6zel parametreler ile taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nbelleklemesini aktif hale getirebilirsiniz. Web sitenizin <\/span><b>public_html<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dizininde bulunan .htaccess dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilir ya da yoksa yenisini olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek kodu .htaccess dosyan\u0131za ekledi\u011finizde, g\u00f6rsellerden CSS ve JavaScript dosyalar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok statik i\u00e7erik belirli s\u00fcre boyunca taray\u0131c\u0131da saklanacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kullan\u0131c\u0131lar siteyi tekrar ziyaret ettiklerinde sayfalar \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresActive On<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType image\/jpg &#8220;access 1 year&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType image\/jpeg &#8220;access 1 year&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType image\/gif &#8220;access 1 year&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType image\/png &#8220;access 1 year&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType text\/css &#8220;access 1 month&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType application\/pdf &#8220;access 1 month&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType text\/x-javascript &#8220;access 1 month&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType application\/x-shockwave-flash &#8220;access 1 month&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresByType image\/x-icon &#8220;access 1 year&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ExpiresDefault &#8220;access 2 days&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu ayarlar sayesinde resimler, ikonlar, stil dosyalar\u0131 ve JavaScript i\u00e7erikleri belirlenen s\u00fcre boyunca \u00f6nbellekte kal\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece site performans\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Hata Sayfalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Y\u00f6nlendirme (404, 403, 500)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web sitenizde olu\u015fan hatalar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sayfalar olu\u015fturmak, ziyaret\u00e7ilere profesyonel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sunar. \u00d6zellikle <\/span><b>404 Sayfa Bulunamad\u0131<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7in markan\u0131za uygun bir hata sayfas\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini iyile\u015ftirebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod ile sitenizde \u00f6zel bir 404 sayfas\u0131 tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ErrorDocument 404 \/error\/pagenotfound.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir .htaccess dosyas\u0131 bazen 403 <\/span><b>Yasak<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hatas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu durum genellikle hatal\u0131 eri\u015fim kurallar\u0131 veya yanl\u0131\u015f yeniden yazma i\u015flemlerinden kaynaklan\u0131r. E\u011fer .htaccess dosyan\u0131z k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fse veya bozulmu\u015fsa, sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in temiz bir s\u00fcr\u00fcmle de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin Hostinger kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z hPanel arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeni bir .htaccess dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyebilirsiniz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kontrol panelinizden <\/span><b>Dosyalar \u2192 Dosya Y\u00f6neticisi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> se\u00e7ene\u011fine gidin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>public_html<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131n ve mevcut .htaccess dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bulun.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dosyay\u0131 yedeklemek i\u00e7in sa\u011f t\u0131klay\u0131p <\/span><b>\u0130ndir<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullan\u0131n.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mevcut dosyay\u0131 silin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeni dosya olu\u015ftururken uzant\u0131 eklemeden yaln\u0131zca <\/span><b>.htaccess<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ad\u0131n\u0131 verin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu i\u015flemler sayesinde hem bozuk ayarlardan kurtulabilir hem de \u00f6zel hata sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde etkinle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>.htaccess Kodlar\u0131nda S\u0131k Yap\u0131lan Hatalar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.htaccess dosyalar\u0131nda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yaz\u0131m hatalar\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zdizimi gelir. Eksik ya da hatal\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f direktifler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman <\/span><b>500 Internal Server Error<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hatas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bu t\u00fcr bir sorun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dosyan\u0131n metin edit\u00f6r\u00fcnde dikkatlice kontrol edilmesi ve t\u00fcm komutlar\u0131n do\u011fru yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olunmas\u0131 gerekir. 500 Internal Server Error ayn\u0131 zamanda hatal\u0131 kurallardan, yanl\u0131\u015f mod_rewrite kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan, eksik mod\u00fcllerden veya uyumsuz PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinden de kaynaklanabilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda hatal\u0131 kural\u0131n bulunarak d\u00fczeltilmesi, gerekirse dosyan\u0131n orijinal halinden yedek al\u0131narak yeniden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir di\u011fer yayg\u0131n problem y\u00f6nlendirme d\u00f6ng\u00fcleridir. Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirme kurallar\u0131 sitenin s\u00fcrekli kendi i\u00e7ine y\u00f6nlendirilmesine neden olur. Bu durumda y\u00f6nlendirme kurallar\u0131n\u0131 sadele\u015ftirmek ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlamak gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca dosya ve dizin izinleri de \u00f6nemli bir konudur. .htaccess dosyas\u0131na veya di\u011fer dosyalara yazma izni verilmedi\u011finde \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu durumda dosya izinlerinin 644 veya 666 olarak ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>.htaccess Kodlar\u0131n\u0131 Test Etmeden \u00d6nce Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.htaccess kodlar\u0131 test edilmeden \u00f6nce, sunucununuzun do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve girilen kodlar\u0131n yaz\u0131m hatas\u0131 i\u00e7ermedi\u011finden emin olmak gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydetmeden \u00f6nce yedekleme olu\u015fturmak ve Apache sunucusunun yeniden y\u00fcklenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>.htaccess Dosyas\u0131 Nedir ve Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? WordPress htaccess dosyas\u0131 (Hypertext Access), Apache gibi web sunucular\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ve sitenizin belirli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1521,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1519\/revisions\/1521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/markahost.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}